Credits & Data Sources

Paleodigital Elevation Models (0–540 Ma heightmaps)

Scotese, C.R. and Wright, N.M. (2018). PALEOMAP Paleodigital Elevation Models (PaleoDEMS) for the Phanerozoic.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5460860

Modifications: NetCDF → 8-bit heightmap → 1024/2048px lossless WebP. Historical 0–50Ma strait dilation and age-dependent processing order retained; modern Natural Earth mask only at 0Ma

Ocean / marine polygons for shallow-sea correction at 0Ma (modern coastline)

Natural Earth — naturalearthdata.com

Modifications: ne_10m_ocean + ne_10m_marine_polys GeoJSON converted to 4096×2048 boolean mask, applied as sea overlay in the final heightmap stage

0–540 Maの表面温度 / 降水 / 風（10 Ma間隔の55時点から5 Ma間隔の109時点へ補間）

Li, X. et al. (2022). A high-resolution climate simulation dataset for the past 540 million years. Scientific Data, 9, 371.

DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01490-4

Modifications: CESMによる表面温度の年平均値（T）です。過去の直接観測ではなく、モデルの推定です。 NetCDFを元の288×192格子の可逆RGB WebP（8ビット量子化）に変換し、10 Maから5 Maへ線形補間します。全球表面温度は面積加重年平均です。0 Maは産業革命前で、ケッペンは年平均による簡略化した近似分類です。風は別のテクスチャを使います。

Paleobiology Database (fossil occurrence records)

Peters, S.E. and McClennen, M. (2016). The Paleobiology Database application programming interface. Paleobiology, 42(1), 1-7.

Modifications: Explicit overlap query in 5 Ma windows (0 Ma: 0–2.5 Ma). At most 10,000 sampled by group, region and collection; only valid reconstructed points shown. Age intervals and taxon/collection/reference IDs preserved. Counts are not abundance or biodiversity.

Plate-tectonic coordinate reconstruction (run locally)

Müller, R.D. et al. (2018). GPlates: Building a Virtual Earth Through Deep Time. G-cubed, 19.

DOI: 10.1029/2018GC007584

Modifications: Coordinates pre-computed locally with PyGPlates and stored as static JSON

0–200 Ma plate boundaries (separate model comparison)

Seton, M. et al. (2012). Global continental and ocean basin reconstructions since 200 Ma. Earth-Science Reviews, 113.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10596050

Modifications: PyGPlatesで5 Ma間隔のプレート境界トポロジーを計算し、座標を0.1°に丸めて静的JSONとして保存します。

0–540 Ma coordinate reconstruction (Scotese 2016 reference frame; per-point validity checked)

Scotese, C.R. (2016). PALEOMAP PaleoAtlas for GPlates, v3. Zenodo.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10596610

Modifications: Pre-rotated fossil/city/geo_event coordinates with PyGPlates and stored as static JSON

200–540 Ma plate boundary topology

Müller, R.D. et al. (2022). A tectonic-rules-based mantle reference frame since 1 billion years ago – implications for supercontinent cycles and plate–mantle system evolution. Solid Earth, 13, 1127–1159. Model v1.2.4.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13636799

Modifications: PyGPlatesで5 Ma間隔のプレート境界トポロジーを計算し、座標を0.1°に丸めて静的JSONとして保存します。

分類群のシルエット（化石詳細での明示的な表示操作、および生物カード — 実行時API）

PhyloPic — phylopic.org

Modifications: Runtime API; preserves original attribution (distinct from uploader), artwork UUID/build and artwork/license links. Thumbnails resized.

Single source for geological boundaries and period names

International Commission on Stratigraphy, International Chronostratigraphic Chart, 2026/06.

Modifications: Period boundaries extracted into JSON with display colors and localized names

1 Ma summaries of Cenozoic CO₂ proxy records

CenCO2PIP Consortium (2023), Science 382, eadi5177; vetted data v1.02 (2024).

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14537923

Modifications: Eligible category 1/2 records; median of study medians. Ranges describe samples, not confidence intervals. Empty bins remain unavailable.

Sea-level reconstruction, 0.98–64.82 Ma

Miller, K.G. et al. (2020). Smoothed Cenozoic sea-level relative to modern from deep-sea geochemical and continental margin records [dataset]. PANGAEA.

DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.923139

Modifications: Linear interpolation of supplied smoothed series; no extrapolation. 0 Ma is a present-day 0 m reference.

Present-day map geology at 25 city centers

Macrostrat; Peters et al. (2018). Original map references retained and displayed for each city.

Modifications: Static snapshot of API z=6 results; original unit names and ages retained. Not a paleomap or site survey.

Six museum examples with explicit CC0 rights

Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Paleobiology Department.

Modifications: Curated examples and resized display images; catalog/media IDs and raw hashes retained. No asserted match to PBDB specimens.