Synapsids dominated the land and the supercontinent Pangaea was fully assembled. The period ended with the end-Permian extinction — the largest in history, eliminating ~96% of species.
Explore the Permian Earth in 3D →A major extinction at the mid-Permian Capitanian stage, linked to Emeishan Traps volcanism. ~60% of marine species vanished, with near-total loss of fusulinid foraminifera and rugose corals. Often overshadowed by the end-Permian extinction, this was a distinct and severe event.